Education - Africa Essay Example for Free

Education Africa EssayIntroduction In this essay I will discuss all the situational factors that organise the basis of the reforms during the era of education reform from 1976-1994 in entropy Africa. The essay will critically discuss factors in detail regarding pre 1994 education. I will thus give a conclusion on all the factors that influenced the educational reforms. The Soweto uprising in 1979 In 1979 on that point was a huge debauch against the education act. The riot was about creating couple learning opportunities for everybody, black and coloured people rioted in the streets of Johannesburg because they were tired of being oppressed. While this was going on tutorers lost the will to teach and learners lost the will to learn. Erosion of the culture of learning and teaching (C. O. L. T) Schools were closed, destroyed and sometimes even burnt down because of the inequalities of learning during this era. This made it very unvoiced for students of colour to learn. Thu s putting education for people of colour in a deep crisis. Students were upset with three major issues the standard of education, the quality of teaching and finally the poor state of school buildings and equipment.These three issues made students not want to attend school and was a main cause to the Soweto uprising in 1976. The De Lange commission The De Lange commission was introduced in order to create a better education system, for example creating equal education opportunities for everybody. These were some of their suggestions education must meliorate quality of life, must promote economic growth and education should be equal and available to every student regardless of their colour. The De Lange commission was considered by the HSRC and xi points from the commission were put into place.The 1994 democratic elections In 1994 the first democratic elections took place, this is the first time that everybody was seen as equal, with equal rights and learning opportunities. People were also given the license to pick which languages they wanted to learn in, as well as energize a weft on subjects they learnt. People were also given freedom of choice in other areas not only education and some of these choices are freedom to vote, freedom to live where they want, freedom to marry between races and International sanctions, against South Africa, in sport and economics were lifted.Differences in schooling between the four different race groups Along almost any dimension of comparison, there have been, and are glaring inequalities between the four schooling systems in South Africa. This applies to teacher qualifications, teacher-pupil ratios, per capita funding, buildings, equipment, facilities, books, stationery and also to results measured in terms of the proportions and levels of certificates awarded. Along these dimensions, sporting schools are far better off than any of the others, and Indian and Coloured schools are better off than those for Afri squeeze ou ts.Schooling is compulsory for Whites, Indians and Coloureds but not for Africans. Which created unequal opportunities when it came to job opportunities. Curriculum during the apartheid era Curriculum development in South African education during the period of apartheid was controlled tightly from the centre. While theoretically, at least, each come apart department had its own curriculum development and protocols, in reality curriculum formation in South Africa was dominated by committees attached to the ovalbumin domicile of Assembly.So prescriptive was this system, controlled on the one hand by a network of inspectors and subject advisors and on the other hand by several generations of poorly qualified teachers, that had authority, controlled learning, and corporal punishment were the rule. These conditions were exacerbated in the impoverished environments of schools for children of colour. Examination criteria and procedures were instrumental in promoting the political pers pectives of those in power and allowed teachers very little latitude to happen standards or to interpret the work of their students.The Bantu education actThe Bantu Education Act (No. 47) of 1953 widened the gaps in educational opportunities for different racial groups. The concept of racial purity, in particular, provided a rationalization for keeping black education inferior. Verwoerd, then minister of native affairs, said black Africans should be educated for their opportunities in life, and that there was no place for them above the level of certain forms of labour. The government also tightened its control over religious high schools by eliminating almost all fiscal aid, forcing many churches to sell their schools to the government or close them entirely.Christian national education(C. N. E) Christian National Education supported the NP program of apartheid by calling on educators to reinforce cultural diversity and to rely on mother-tongue instruction in the first years of primary school. This philosophy also exposed the root that a persons social responsibilities and political opportunities are defined by that persons ethnic identity. The government also gave strong management control to the school boards, who were elected by the parents in each district.Official attitudes toward African education were paternalistic, based on segregation. Black education was not supposed to drain government resources away from white education. The number of schools for blacks increased during the 1960s, but their curriculum was designed to prepare children for menial jobs. Per-capita government spending on black education slipped to one-tenth of spending on whites in the 1970s. Black schools had inferior facilities, teachers, and textbooks.Conclusion In conclusion to the above essay there were many problems such as Christian national education(C.N. E), The Bantu education act, Curriculum during the apartheid era, Differences in schooling between the four different r ace groups, The 1994 democratic elections, The De Lange commission, Erosion of the culture of learning and teaching (C. O. L. T)and The Soweto uprising in 1979.In all these situational factors that formed the basis of the reforms during the era of education reform from 1976-1994 in South Africa, the 1994 democratic elections were put in place so that everyone had equal opportunity at everything it was the main turn around point after the period of 1976-1994.I have discussed some of them in detail so that you can get a better understanding of the reforms that took place during the period of 1976-1994. Words 1024 References 1. http//upetd. up. ac. za/thesis/available/etd-05062008-091259/unrestricted/02chapter2a. pdf 2. http//jae. oxfordjournals. org/content/16/5/849. abstract 3. http//newlearningonline. com/new-learning/chapter-5-learning-personalities/apartheid-education/ 4. http//www. nwu. ac. za/sites/ default option/files/files/p-saeduc/articles/2009articles/Teksversorg_23nov09_OD AV. pdf 5. http//www. mongabay. com/history/south_africa/south_africa-education_under_apartheid. html